A lot of people are right GATT ／ WTO, know the error that go up to WTO existence especially, basically reflect in: (one) \” WTO is wealthy person club \” WTO does not care 　 only the developed country is large the commercial interest of transnational corporation, also consider the increase demand of the developing country in each agreements, allow its to more time get used to WTO the regulation of relevant provision. Give least of all the developed country is special and favourable, make they assume any obligation scarcely. When the GATT was signed 1947 only 23 conclude a treaty square, up to on May 31, 1999, WTO has had 135 members, among them developed country only 33, developing country and area amount to 102, occupy 75% . The member structure of WTO has produced fundamental change, press great and decision-making the principle that 3/4 member adopts, theoretic, what developing country and area can affect the development direction of WTO and major problem adequately is decision-making. According to the analysis that to GATT ／ WTO develops the history, do not have any country or because the area joins GATT ／ WTO its economy commerce breaks down or development lags behind badly. Contrary, because a lot of countries took an active part in multilateral trade system of organization to achieve greater progress. Greek, Sweden, Finnish, Denmark, Italy, Germany 1950, 1951, Japan 1955, Spain 1963, Korea, Argentine 1967, Singapore 1973, Thailand 1982, Mexico joined a GATT 1986. After joining a GATT, the economic growth of these countries was accelerated. (2) \” WTO pays close attention to commercial interest only, do not care food, healthy safety \” 　 while WTO is offerring more to enter market opportunity for the member, also adopt a system perfect and relevant obligation sets in relevant agreement, realize health of food safety, people for its member safe service. 1. \” 1994 GATT \” the 20th particular case that permits homeland of each member basis and international convention, system or adopt relevant measure guardian civilian, move floral life or health. 2. A few agreements or clause involve WTO product standard, set food and the health that use plant product and safe standard, to ensuring member country national health had positive effect. Be like \” plant and wholesome quarantine agreement \” , \” agricultural agreement \” , \” technical trade barrier agreement \” all made relevant provision to this. 3. WTO begs each member to cannot discriminate against sexual ground to restrict Wu of foreign commodity kimono through enacting measure of unreasonable code, policy even. 4. What the WTO concerned food, provision that uses health of plant, mankind and security wants to carry its member is consistent through just can be being carried out, relevant specification must be built mix in scientific sex have internationally on the foundation, cannot by certain the member is decided arbitrarily. (3) \” weak country does not have economic diplomacy \” a few people of 　 think to be in WTO, xiaoguo does not have right to speak, this kind of view is a little actually one-sided. Should admit, every member has WTO one ticket is voting authority, do not divide size of national economy actual strength and population how many, treat equally without discrimination. Because commerce is small national influence is finite, the negotiation that its participate in pertinent question and ability are limited also, but not negative its legal right. If one country does not join WTO, do not have such right at all. WTO has the controversial issue that any other regional organizations and international agreement do not have to solve a mechanism. Below this mechanism, each member right and obligation are quits, completely equal, any practices that just cannot not accord with its WTO force at other one party. For example, the United States \” air cleanness act \” carry out pair of Venezuela, Brazil to make an impact, for this, complain to WTO, shape accuses the United States. Result United States loses a lawsuit, press WTO adjudication result, the United States revises domestic legislation. We can imagine, if this two countries is not WTO member, by its economic actual strength is impossible to undertake commerce opposed with the United States. New controversial issue settles consultative provision, unless WTO member objects consistently solving panelist to report through conflict, otherwise uniform regard as through. This one heavy about-face makes dictate conflict settles commerce big country the times of the result was gone never to return, the right of commerce small country had sufficient safeguard, this is one of main reasons that the Xiaoguo in numerous development adds WTO. GATT \” wealthy person club \” figure has produced materiality change. And, without WTO, commerce small country is weaker face powerful commerce associate, open overmuch border and not be bilateral solve a problem to want to be gotten more effectively much. (4) \” WTO pays close attention to commerce to liberalize only \” a few people of 　 think WTO is paid attention to only advance commerce to liberalize and do not pay attention to its consequence, this also has misunderstanding. The safeguard measure agreement of WTO, \” 1994 GATT \” the 19th, \” service trade total agreement \” consultative provision sets related the 10th etc, when one member is fulfilling WTO obligation, if the commodity from other member entrance, service is many,increase and have when damaging menace badly, it can put forward to suspend fulfil relevant obligation or revising obligation to WTO, so that maintain proper interest. So, china joins WTO, do not mean foreign commodity and service to drive straight in straightwayly in Chinese market, large quantities of domestic companies close down, went bankrupt. The key depends on our industrial department and enterprise wanting hep and relevant right. \” 1994 GATT \” the 12nd, 18, reach 21 20 times, \” service trade total agreement \” wait for formulary WTO member the 12nd times in balance of payments government of need of progress of serious adverse balance of trade, economy adopts intervention policy when, all can adjust the obligation below its WTO, develop in order to promote economy. WTO member is not not to allow to protect home market, just do not use measure of blame custom duty as far as possible, and use custom duty measure to protect domestic industry. (5) \” dominion of economy of sell one\’s own things of WTO requirement member \” 　 a few people think China joins WTO to be able to lose national economy sovereignty, this also is incorrect. 1. All agreements of WTO, clause is each member passes a negotiation, in negotiate consistent foundation to go up, after through government and domestic legislation the branch is approved, just can carry out between the member. So, not mandatory what must member of ground requirement some do or should do what. 2. On certain level, the right that WTO has is each member gifts its, give WTO the right of certain respect when one member, it also can enjoy the right that other member gives at the same time, the right and compulsory balance are the biggest characteristic of WTO. 3. WTO gifts the right of profit of group of different interest of home of its member balance, not yielding the pressure at certain benefit group. WTO is the organization between the government, not be enslaved to be enslaved to is certain interest group, it with maintaining national interest is not profit of some company, group is a condition. So, be in decision-making when, what one member more considers is the size of integrated interest, specific certain agreement or clause give and rather than the interest that certain enterprise brings. 4. WTO concerned agreement and provision are treat equally without discrimination, same to any members equal. If a member for deviate of temporarily local interest principle, although it is likely now benefit, but the loss that this kind of deviate makes its will be sufferred henceforth likely is bigger. 5. WTO policy code diaphaneity asks the legal system of system of organization of trade of the classics outside conducing to its member accelerating is built, common right orgnaization runs the government that establishs more abiding, stable, science mechanism. (6) \” WTO is free trade organization \” since 　 is long-term, a few people think GATT ／ WTO is free trade organization, not be actually. GATT ／ one of principles of WTO are commerce liberalizes, ask its member reduces trade barrier, make commerce undertakes than more free now land, make each country produces each other advantage adequately thereby, the amplification that carries trade drives economic progress. Those who be worth to point out is: 1. Each member reduces the level of trade barrier, speed to need to decide through negotiating, its negotiation position depends on it wants to obtain how old commerce interest to reach from the other side decrease yield a level. Not be one member forces another member or the state that apply for to join and area. 2. WTO advocates each member to reach competition ability according to the development state of affairs of oneself, execute liberalize stage by stage, for its domestic industry offers the opportunity of a structural adjustment, once join WTO to execute free trade,do not ask. 3. WTO undertakes for each country commerce liberalizes the negotiation room with was offerred main and liberalized basic principle. 4. WTO allows its member to use a series of agreement, clause falls in specific situation, protect its home to produce business. Use for example instead dumping, turn over allowance arrange inflict to defend fair trade. 5. Liberalize except commerce outside the principle, WTO still has more important principle — stability of principle of blame discrimination commerce, commerce and the market admittance principle that can foreknow, diaphaneity principle. The environment of international classics trade with these favorable to building principles is all in all. (7) \” WTO does not pay attention to environmental protection \” the tenet of WTO depends on 　 hard realizing world natural resources to be used bestly, strengthen environmental protection, implementation can develop continuously. The idea that can develop continuously sinks a series of agreements in WTO and provision in. Be like \” 1994 GATT \” the life health that allows WTO member the 20th times to move plant and people for safeguard is safe, the resource to make be in short supply will not bad news all can take safeguard. Be like again, in \” allowance and oppose allowance agreement \” in, allow each member to be opposite for environmental protection native enterprise undertakes allowance. Environmental protection handles a product in WTO main goal all is regarded as when the problem such as standard, food, safe, intellectual property. (8) \” WTO causes unemployment and business failure \” 　 somebody thinks WTO can be caused many unemployment and enlarge difference of the rich and the poor, this also is doubtful cut and one-sided. Commerce is the important step that creates obtain employment and difference of contractible the rich and the poor. Of course, sometimes economic structural adjustment may cause temporary structural sex unemployment, but WTO does not cause it, the harmony that economic policy reinforces in needing to develop a process in economy will try to solve. The research of WTO makes clear, the relation between commerce and obtain employment is extremely complex. Commerce liberalizes and the amplification of commerce, be helpful for creating opportunity of more obtain employment, but the branch that was protected in the past can liberalize because of commerce and sustain competitive pressure, partial person wants unemployment. Even so, WTO also allows his to the member can liberalize stage by stage and adopt necessary adjustment measure. Additional, the research that organizes via closing shows, bring about developed country salary to change merely from the entrance of low income country 10% to 20% . As a result of,the others is \” the change of skilled labor technology \” cause. I.e. \” the technology progresses \” the effect that has to hold the balance in obtain employment, technical level is higher from level of income of personnel of course of study corresponding also tall. According to another computation that organizes via closing, collect the revenue of 35% to be being tasted from developing country entrance, can increase the United States to be not specialized worker salary merely 1% 5% with specialized worker salary, the cost of protectionism is too big. Especially 75% of the developed country, the competitive influence to obtain employment comes beyond place, different to the influence of disparate industry. (9) \” the place that WTO is the go canvassing outside western courtyard \” 　 of WTO \” package \” each aspects that comprehensive agreement involves member economy trade, what it realizes national profit is the biggest change, cannot serve for extremely specific interest group merely, accordingly, not be the place of the go canvassing outside western courtyard. (10) \” WTO harms interest of commerce of developing country economy \” 　 Xiaoguo, weak country can enhance its power in alive trade organization, when because WTO allows one country,joining WTO, put forward to open the acceptance of the market according to oneself circumstance, can make full use of WTO agreement, agreement maintains self interest. Accordingly, WTO conduces to help developing country achieving economic commerce progress.

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